<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<rss version="2.0" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/">
	<channel>
		
		<title>www.ripessEU.net: Latest News</title>
		<link>http://www.ripesseu.net/</link>
		<description>Latest news from www.ripessEU.net</description>
		<language>en</language>
		<image>
			<title>www.ripessEU.net: Latest News</title>
			<url>http://www.ripesseu.net/typo3conf/ext/tt_news/ext_icon.gif</url>
			<link>http://www.ripesseu.net/</link>
			<width>18</width>
			<height>16</height>
			<description>Latest news from www.ripessEU.net</description>
		</image>
		<generator>TYPO3 - get.content.right</generator>
		<docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
		
		
		
		<lastBuildDate>Fri, 18 May 2012 15:16:00 +0200</lastBuildDate>
		
		
		<item>
			<title>Appel à projets Economie sociale et solidaire au Pays de Brest: encore quelques jours pour candidater!</title>
			<link>http://www.ripesseu.net/en/infos/news/news-details/article/appel-a-projets-economie-sociale-et-solidaire-au-pays-de-brest-encore-quelques-jours-pour-candidate.html</link>
			<description>L’objectif de l’appel à projet est de promouvoir la création, la reprise et le développement de...</description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[L’objectif de l’appel à projet est de promouvoir la création, la reprise et le développement de structures relevant de l’économie sociale et solidaire ou intégrant des pratiques inspirées de celles de l’ESS et de favoriser l’émergence de projet d’innovation socio-économique dans des filières à potentiel d’emploi.
Clôture des candidatures le 20 mai 2012.
Dans un monde en mouvement, l’économie sociale et solidaire (ESS) est un atout pour le développement du territoire. Cet appel à projet soutient les initiatives économiques solidaires et socialement responsables. L’objectif de l’appel à projet est de promouvoir la création, la reprise et le développement de structures relevant de l’économie sociale et solidaire ou intégrant des pratiques inspirées de celles de l’ESS et de favoriser l’émergence de projet d’innovation socio-économique dans des filières à potentiel d’emploi.
Est considéré comme relevant de l’économie sociale et solidaire, toute structure qui démontre par son engagement et son fonctionnement les valeurs suivantes&nbsp;:
<ul type="disc"><li>Primauté de l’humain sur le      capital</li><li>Décision collégiale (sur le      principe «&nbsp;une personne égale une voix&nbsp;»)</li><li>Indivisibilité des réserves      (patrimoine collectif et impartageable)</li><li>Finalité explicite au      service de la collectivité (intérêt général, utilité sociale)</li><li>Autonomie de gestion et      statut privé</li><li>Ancrage territorial ou      sectoriel et valeur du développement durable</li></ul>
La Région Bretagne, le Département du Finistère, Brest métropole océane et la Communauté de Communes de l’Aulnes Maritime financent cet appel à projet et l’organise avec le Syndicat mixte des communautés du Pays de Brest, la Chambre Régionale de l’économie sociale et solidaire de Bretagne et l’Association de Développement de l’ESS du Pays de Brest en partenariat avec La Boutique de Gestion Finistère, la coopérative d’activité et d’emploi Chrysalide, le Crédit Coopératif, l’Adie, Bretagne Active, la  Nef, Ark’ensol Arkea, l’UrScop et les Cigales.
<h3>Les objectifs</h3>
Cet appel à projet vise à&nbsp;:
<ul type="disc"><li>soutenir des projets      innovants dans la phase de démarrage ou de développement pour favoriser      les filières à potentiel d’emplois dans une structure existante&nbsp;;</li><li>développer un travail      formalisé de mutualisation ou de coopération d’acteurs au sein d’une      structure existante&nbsp;;</li><li>soutenir l’émergence ou la      création d’activités et de services pour une nouvelle structure.</li></ul>
<h3>Les champs d’intervention </h3>
Les champs d’intervention de l’appel à projet couvrent des domaines d’activité de l’économie sociale et solidaire tels que&nbsp;:
<ul type="disc"><li><b>Consommation      responsable et solidaire, circuits courts et de proximité</b></li><li><b>Eco-construction,      accès au logement, habitat participatif</b></li><li><b>Déplacements      (alternatif, doux…)</b></li><li><b>Déchet, recyclerie      et réemploi</b></li><li><b>Services aux      personnes, activités de proximité</b></li><li><b>Tourisme solidaire      et médiation culturelle</b></li></ul>
<h3>Le candidat</h3>
Le candidat doit disposer d’une personnalité morale. Le statut peut être&nbsp;: une structure de l’économie sociale et solidaire (association, mutuelle, coopérative, fondation)&nbsp;;
<ul type="disc"><li>un groupe de personnes      porté par une structure locale de l’ESS&nbsp;;</li><li>une «&nbsp;entreprise      solidaire&nbsp;» au titre de l’article L3332-17-1 du code du travail </li><li>une société quel que soit      son statut juridique ayant au moins deux associés et démontrant les      valeurs de l’économie sociale et solidaire dans sa gouvernance et son      activité.</li></ul>
Chaque candidat ne peut présenter qu’un seul projet.
Ne peuvent être candidats ni les organisateurs, ni les membres des comités de sélection, ni les membres du jury.
<h3>Le soutien proposé</h3>
<b>Pour l’année 2012, le montant global est estimé à 25 000 € à répartir entre les projets retenus. </b>
Le montant maximum accordé par le jury s’élève à 2 500 € par projet et par structure.
Si la structure a déjà une activité économique sur le marché, les financements publics n’excèdent pas 50% du total du budget. Si la structure n’a pas d’activité économique sur le marché, les financements publics n’excèdent pas 80% du total du budget.
Les demandes non financières telles que les besoins d’accompagnement technique, un soutien à la recherche de locaux, un appui à la recherche de partenariat ou de développement de réseaux professionnels seront également examinées.
Le montant et la nature des aides attribuées aux projets retenus seront fixés au cas par cas par le jury, en tenant compte de l’enveloppe générale affectée à cet appel à projet, de l’appréciation des besoins du projet et de la crédibilité des éléments financiers présentés par le porteur.
Afin d’accompagner au mieux le candidat, le jury pourra éventuellement orienter les projets vers le dispositif le plus adapté. Les actions socioculturels et les projets relevant des politiques ordinaires ne seront pas soutenus.
L’appel à projet n’a pas vocation à financer une structure en difficulté économique et/ou financière. L’aide financière attribuée dépend du régime d’aide aux entreprises dit des minimis .
Cet appel à projet est ouvert à un partenariat qui permettra d’élargir le soutien apporté (conseils, mécénat…) selon des modalités à préciser par chacun des partenaires.
Aucun renseignement ne sera transmis par téléphone.
<h3>Comment répondre à l’appel à projets&nbsp;? </h3>
Le candidat peut télécharger le dossier de candidature
Le dossier de candidature sera adressé au Pôle métropolitain du Pays de Brest&nbsp;:
<ul type="disc"><li>Par voie postale&nbsp;: 9      rue Duquesne BP 61321 29213 BREST CEDEX 1 - avant le 20 mai 2012 par voie      électronique ou postale (le cachet de la poste faisant foi). Il sera      inscrit sur l’enveloppe <i>«&nbsp;Appel à projet économie sociale et      solidaire Pays de Brest 2012&nbsp;»</i>.</li><li>Et par voie électronique à      contact@pays-de-brest.fr Les résultats du jury seront communiqués par mail      aux porteurs de projets et confirmés par voie postale avant la fin de      l’année 2012.</li></ul>
Le candidat doit renseigner l’ensemble des éléments du dossier.
Le dossier du candidat ne peut excéder 15 pages dactylographiées (ne sont pas compter les formulaires d’autorisation et éléments financiers).
Des annexes peuvent être ajoutées pour apporter une illustration (ex&nbsp;: bilan d’action, exemples de mise en œuvre…)
<h3>Les candidats déjà lauréats d’une édition précédente</h3>
Les structures lauréates d’une édition de l’appel à projet ESS (2011 ou 2010) et souhaitant présenter un projet pour l’édition 2012 devront joindre à leur dossier de candidature un bilan détaillé du projet soutenu.
]]></content:encoded>
			
			
			<pubDate>Fri, 18 May 2012 15:16:00 +0200</pubDate>
			
		</item>
		
		<item>
			<title>Revue internationale de l'économie sociale (RECMA)</title>
			<link>http://www.ripesseu.net/en/infos/news/news-details/article/revue-internationale-de-leconomie-sociale-recma.html</link>
			<description>Éditée par l’association RECMA, la  Recma est une revue à caractère scientifique publiant les...</description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[Éditée par l’association RECMA, la  Recma est une revue à caractère scientifique publiant les travaux consacrés à la coopération et à l’économie sociale.
Fondée en 1921 par Charles Gide et Bernard Lavergne la Revue<i> des études coopératives</i> est devenue en 1986 <i>Revue des études coopératives, mutualistes et associatives</i> (Recma), puis <i>Revue internationale de l’économie social</i>e.
Sa fonction est de susciter et diffuser des études et recherches en sciences sociales, économiques et juridiques, portant sur les organisations d’économie sociale en France, en Europe et dans le monde.
Revue dotée d’un comité de lecture, la Recma constitue un lieu de débat unique entre chercheurs et praticiens de l’économie sociale.
Jean-François Draperi, rédaction en chef et directeur du Centre d’économie sociale du Conservatoire national des Arts et Métiers (Cnam/Cnam), repondant aux questions à l’occasion du mois de l’économie sociale et solidaire en PACA.
http://www.initiatives.tv/video-362-3-questions-a-jean-francois-draperi.html
]]></content:encoded>
			
			
			<pubDate>Thu, 10 May 2012 14:32:00 +0200</pubDate>
			
		</item>
		
		<item>
			<title>Déclaration des OSC et les ONG à partir des consultations régionales de la FAO pour Europe et Asie centrale avec la société civile.</title>
			<link>http://www.ripesseu.net/en/infos/news/news-details/article/declaration-des-osc-et-les-ong-a-partir-des-consultations-regionales-de-la-fao-pour-europe-et-asie-c.html</link>
			<description>Le document est sorti d'après la 
37e session de la Commission européenne sur l'agriculture...</description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h1>CIVIL SOCIETY STATEMENT, Regional FAO/NGOs-CSOs Consultation for  Europe and Central Asia, Baku (Azerbaijan), 15-17th of April 2012</h1>
 <b></b>
<h2 class="align-left"><b>Global Strategic Framework</b></h2>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB">Hunger</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">increasing</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">all</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">parts</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">ECA.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">The</span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>root-causes</b></span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">are</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">agricultural</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">policies</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">that</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">are</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">not</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">used</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">support</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">local</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">small-scale</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">producers.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Agricultural</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">production</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">linked</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">International</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Financial</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Insitutions,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">international</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">trade</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">speculation.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Increasing</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">informal</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">casual</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">labour,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">loss</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">social</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">protection</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">rural</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">areas</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">low</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">wages</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">are</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">pushing</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">more</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">waged</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">agricultural</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">workers</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">into</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">poverty</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">hunger.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB">In</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">ECA,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">many</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">small-scale</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">producers</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">waged</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">agricultural</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">workers,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">especially</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">seasonal</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">workers</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">are</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">excluded</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">from</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">social</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">protection</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">have</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">difficulty</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">surviving</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">cold</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">winters</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">without</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">income.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">The</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">current</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">crisis</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">has</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">also</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">led</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">generalised</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">austerity</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">programmes;</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">new</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">segments</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">population</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">now</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">suffer</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">from</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">poverty</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">hunger.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">The</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">most</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">vulnerable</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">groups</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">are</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">aged,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">youth,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">migrant</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">workers</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">small-scale</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">food</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">producers</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Public</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>legislation</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>civil</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>society</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>must</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>jointly</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>protect</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>the</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Commons</b></span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">public</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">provision</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">goods</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">services.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">There</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">a</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">decrease</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">land</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">available</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">for</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">local</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">food</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">production,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">due</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">increased</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">property</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">speculation</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">urban</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">areas,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">land-grabbing</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">for</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">industrial</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">food</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">agro-fuel</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">production.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Water</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>must</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>remain</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>a</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>common</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>good</b></span><span lang="en-GB">,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">with</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">guaranteed</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">free</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">access</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">sanitation</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">for</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">private</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">households</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">small-scale</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">agro-ecological</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">production.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">It</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">must</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">be</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">protected</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">from</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">big</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">privatised</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">projects</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">such</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">as</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">dams.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB">Family</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">farmers</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">also</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">need</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">access</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">local</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">market</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">places.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Big</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">agri-business</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">products</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">are</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">pushing</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">small-scale</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">producers</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">out</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">their</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">traditional</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">market</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">space.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">This</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">aggravated</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">by</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">international</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">dumping</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">WTO</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">rules.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">We</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">support</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">regulation</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">food</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">production</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">guarantee</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">fair</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">prices</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">for</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">small-scale</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">producers</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">local</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">national</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">markets.</span><span lang="en-GB">   </span> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB">Many</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">urban</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>young</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>people</b></span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">have</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">lost</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">habit</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">cooking</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">for</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">themselves.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">They</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">often</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">buy</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">«&nbsp;convenience</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">foods&nbsp;»</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">supermarkets.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Diets</b></span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">are</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">changing</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">becoming</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">less</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">nutritious</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">less</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">healthy</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">due</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">increased</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">consumption</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">highly</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">processed</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">foods</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">reduced</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">consumption</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">fresh</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">fruit</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">vegetables.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">There</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">a</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">need</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">raise</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">awareness</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">consumers</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">strengthen</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">local</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">food</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">nets</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">access</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">healthy</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">locally</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">grown</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">traditional</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">foods</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">as</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">well</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">as</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">supporting</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">educational</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">cooking</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">nutrition</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">courses.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">This</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">should</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">be</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">linked</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">national</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">legislative</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">instruments,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">including</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">safety</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">nets.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Traditional</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>seed</b></span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">breeding</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">participatory</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">methods</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">should</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">be</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">prioritised</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">over</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">hybrid</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">or</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">GMO</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">crops</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">seed</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">patenting</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">by</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">multinational</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">seed</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">companies.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Traditional,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">local</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">indigenous</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">seeds</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">landraces</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">should</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">be</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">protected</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">by</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">farmers</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">saving</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">re-sowing</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">their</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">seeds.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">This</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">guarantees</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>preservation</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>biodiversity</b></span><span lang="en-GB">,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">an</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">integral</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">part</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">traditional</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">sustainable</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">organic</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">agriculture.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Farmers</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">should</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">be</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">supported</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">produce</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">their</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">own</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">seeds</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">from</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">local</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">regional</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">varieties.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">The</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">dimension</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Food</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Sovereignty</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">GSF</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">needs</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">be</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">strengthened</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">achieve</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">this.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB"><b>CSOs</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>should</b></span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>participate</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>in</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>monitoring</b></span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">at</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">all</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">levels</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">governments</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">should</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">provide</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">them</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">with</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">political</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">space</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">do</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">so.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">This</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">particularly</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">important</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">spatial</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">planning,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">preserve</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">land</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">for</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">small-scale</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">production</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">support</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">access</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">land</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">for</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">young</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">farmers,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">allotments</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">community</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">gardens.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Clauses</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">that</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">favour</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">access</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">small-scale</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">local</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">producers</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">producers</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">groups</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">public</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">tenders</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">should</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">become</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">accepted</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">norm.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Governments</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">should</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">also</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">extend</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>minimum</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>coverage</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>social</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>protection</b></span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">all</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">rural</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">workers</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">ensure</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">workers</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">core</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">ILO</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Conventions,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">including</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">right</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">negotiate</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">a</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">living</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">wage,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">are</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">fully</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">implemented</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">practice.</span><span lang="en-GB">  </span> </p>
<h2 class="align-left" style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB"><b>L</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span></h2>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Farmers,</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>fishers,</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>pastoralists</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>other</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>smallholder</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>food</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>producers</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>local</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>communities</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>are</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>facing</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>a</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>huge</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>lack</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>fair,</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>adequate</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>secure</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>access</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>to</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>land,</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>water,</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>fisheries</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>forests</b></span><span lang="en-GB">.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">This</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">significantly</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">undermines</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">their</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">livelihoods,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">national</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">regional</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">food</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">security,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">food</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">sovereignty,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">poverty</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">eradication,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">preservation</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">biodiversity</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">natural</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">resources,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">climate</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">change</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">mitigation</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">adaptation</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">global</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">warming.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">This</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">essentially</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">consequence</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>insufficient</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>responsible</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>governance</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>tenure</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>land</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>other</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>related</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>natural</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>resources</b></span><span lang="en-GB">.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Concrete</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">issues</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">faced</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">by</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">relevant</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">communities</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">include</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">land-</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">water-</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">fisheries-</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">forest-</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">grabbing</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">practices,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">inducing</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>expropriations</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>that</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>violate</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>legitimate</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>tenure</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>human</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>rights,</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>gender</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>inequity,</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>unsustainable</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>uses</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>land</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>other</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>natural</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>resources</b></span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">(such</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">as</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">agricultural</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">practice</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">that</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">causes</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">water</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">pollution</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">soil</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">degradation).</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Youth</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>face</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>difficulty</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>gaining</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>access</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>to</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>land</b></span><span lang="en-GB">.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Spatial</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>planning</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>policies</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>are</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>not</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>consistent</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>with</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>sustainable</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>development</b></span><span lang="en-GB">.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">The</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>lack</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>active</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>participation</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>CSOs</b></span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">decision</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">making-processes</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>affects</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>access</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>to</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>land</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>other</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>natural</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>resources,</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>consequently</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>the</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>livelihoods</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>local</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>populations.</b></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB">W</span><span lang="en-GB">e</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">call</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">upon</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">all</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Member-States,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">close</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">consultation</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">with</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">active</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">participation</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">CSOs</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">especially</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">organisations</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">representing</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">most</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">vulnerable</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">marginalized</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">groups</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to:</span></p>
<ul><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB">T</span><span lang="en-GB">ake</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">immediate</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">actions</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>to</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>improve</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>land,</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>water,</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>fisheries</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>forests</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>tenure</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>governance</b></span><span lang="en-GB">,</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">especially</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">through</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">effective</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">implementation</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">at</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">national</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">level</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">CFS</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">Guidelines</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">on</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Responsible</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Governance</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Tenure</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Land,</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Fisheries</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Forests</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>in</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>the</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Context</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>National</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Food</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Security</b></span><span lang="en-GB">.</span></p> 	</li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB">E</span><span lang="en-GB">nsure</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">adoption,</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">during</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">38</span><sup><span lang="en-GB">th</span></sup><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">Session</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">CFS</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">October</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">2012,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">a</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">consistent</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">approach</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">close</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">implementation</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">these</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">Guidelines,</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">including</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">preparation</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">for</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">that</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">specific</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">session</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">within</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">CSM;</span></p> 	</li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB">Take</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB"><b>immediate</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>actions</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>to</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>stop</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>the</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>short-term</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>land-</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>water-</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>fishery-</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>forest-</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>grabbing</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>practices,</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB">based</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">on</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">definitions</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">adapted</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">national</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">local</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">contexts.</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">States</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">should</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">seriously</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">consider</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">possibility</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">implementing</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">national</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">moratoria</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">on</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">investments</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">involving</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">large-scale</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">land,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">water,</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">fishery</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">forest</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">transfers</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">legitimate</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">tenure</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">rights;</span></p> 	</li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB">Support</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Community</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Land</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Trusts</b></span></p> 	</li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB">E</span><span lang="en-GB">nsure</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">that</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">upcoming</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">CFS</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">consultation</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">on</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">RAI</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">(Responsible</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">Agricultural</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">Investments)</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">examines</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">how</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB"><b>public</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>private</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>investments</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>in</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>agriculture</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>can</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>best</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>support</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>food</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>sovereignty,</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>small-scale</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>production</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>especially</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>women</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>’</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>s</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>agricultural</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>workers</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>’ 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>rights</b></span><span lang="en-GB">.</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">The</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">CFS</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">consultation</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">on</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">RAI</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">should</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">examine</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">successful</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">experiences</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">networks</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">self-organized</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">CSOs</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">such</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">as</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>local</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>food</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>councils</b></span><span lang="en-GB">;</span></p> 	</li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB"><b>A</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>dopt</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>coherent</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>approaches</b></span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">from</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">a</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">responsible</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">land-</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">other</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">natural</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">resources-governance</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">perspective</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>in</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>engaging</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>the</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>RIO+20</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>UN</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Summit</b></span><span lang="en-GB">,</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">avoid</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">using</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">mainstream</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	“</span><span lang="en-GB">green</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">economy</span><span lang="en-GB">” 	</span><span lang="en-GB">concept</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">for</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">promoting</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">commodification</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">or</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">creation</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">financial</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">speculative</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">markets</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Commons.</span></p> 	</li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Pay</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>specific</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>attention</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>to</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>closing</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>the</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>gender</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>gap</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>in</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>agriculture,</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB">with</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">particular</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">regard</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">equal</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">secure</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">access</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">land</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">other</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">resources.</span></p> </li></ul>
<h2 class="western align-left" style="margin-bottom: 0.35cm" lang="en-GB"><b>Fisheries</b></h2>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0.35cm"><span lang="en-GB">The</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">social</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">economic</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">role</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">European</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">all</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">small-scale</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">fishers</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">world</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">must</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">be</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">defined</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">recognized</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">nationally</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">internationally.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Small-scale</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>fishers</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>face</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>many</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>challenges</b></span><span lang="en-GB">,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">including</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">some</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">that</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">require</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">immediate</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">action</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">before</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">irreparable</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">damage</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">occurs</span><span lang="en-GB"><b>.</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Pollution</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>from</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>industrial</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>agriculture</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>extractive</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>industries</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB">continues</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">increase</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">threaten</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">fish</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">stocks.</span><span lang="en-GB"> “</span><span lang="en-GB">Trash</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">islands</span><span lang="en-GB">” </span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">oceans</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">now</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">occupy</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">space</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">equivalent</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">big</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">countries.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Hunger</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">for</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">oil</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">so</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">great</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">that</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">experiments</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">are</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">underway</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">extract</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">oil</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">from</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">deep-sea</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">areas.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Technology</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">too</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">limited</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">guarantee</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">protection</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">from</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">catastrophes</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">or</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">deal</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">with</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>pollution</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>that</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>harm</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>fish</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>stocks</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>threaten</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>the</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>livelihoods</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>fishers</b></span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">artisinal</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">activities</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">large</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">coastal</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">areas.</span><span lang="en-GB">    </span> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0.35cm"><span lang="en-GB">Land</span><span lang="en-GB">-grabbing</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">seen</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">as</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">an</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">imminent</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">threat</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">small-scale</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">farmers.</span><span lang="en-GB">  </span><span lang="en-GB">But</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>sea-grabbing</b></span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">through</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>enforcement</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>fishery</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>management</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>systems</b></span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">that</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">put</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">fishing</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">rights</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">up</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">for</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">bids</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">just</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">like</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">any</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">other</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">commodity</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">a</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>threat</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>to</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>the</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>very</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>existence</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>small-scale</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>fisheries</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>world-wide</b></span><span lang="en-GB">.</span><span lang="en-GB">  </span><span lang="en-GB">Sea-,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">water-</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">land-grabbing</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">has</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">many</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">faces.</span><span lang="en-GB">  </span><span lang="en-GB">The</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Aral</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Sea</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Lake</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Urmia</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">are</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">examples</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">where</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">serious</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">damage</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">has</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">already</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">occurred.</span><span lang="en-GB">  </span> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0.35cm"><span lang="en-GB">For</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>land-locked</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>populations</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>inland</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>seas</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>lakes</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>need</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>to</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>be</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>preserved</b></span><span lang="en-GB">.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Sustainable</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>fish-farming</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>aquaculture</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>require</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>new</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>regulation</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>legislation</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>that</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>protects</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>both</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>fish</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>farmers</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>consumers.</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-weight: normal">There</span></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">a</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">need</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">for</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">clarification</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">as</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">whether</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">this</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">field</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">falls</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">under</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">scope</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">fisheries</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">or</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">agricultural</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">legislation,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">as</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">this</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">currently</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">varies</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">from</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">country</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">country.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0.35cm"><span lang="en-GB">T</span><span lang="en-GB">he</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">effect</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>different</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>fishing</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>gear</b></span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">on</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">marine</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">environment</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">should</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">be</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">considered</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">included</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">implementation</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">fishery</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">management</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">systems.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">The</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">huge</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>difference</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>fossil</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>fuel</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>consumed</b></span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">by</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">small-scale</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">industrial</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">should</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">be</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">taken</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">into</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">consideration.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">The</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">fundamental</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">link</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">between</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">coastal</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">communities</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">coastal</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">fisheries</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">perceived</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">as</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">&quot;old</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">fashioned&quot;</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">thinking.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">These</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">are</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">greatest</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">challenges</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">threats</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">that</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">small-scale</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">fishers</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">are</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">facing</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">today.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0.35cm"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Management</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>systems</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>should</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>always</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>be</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>created</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>in</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>close</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>co-operation</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>between</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>fishermen</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>scientists</b></span><span lang="en-GB">.</span><span lang="en-GB">  </span><span lang="en-GB">The</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">traditional</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">knowledge</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">fishermen</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">constantly</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">overlooked</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">many</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">cases,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">science</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">spends</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">time,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">energy</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">funds</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">on</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">reinventing</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">wheel.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0.35cm"><span lang="en-GB">Building</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">management</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">systems</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">where</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">these</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">stakeholders</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">work</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">hand-in-hand</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">will</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">lead</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">success.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">-Management</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">systems</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">where</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>environmentally</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>friendly</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>fishing-gear</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b><span style="background: transparent">low </span></b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b><span style="background: #ffff00"></span></b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b><span style="background: transparent">energy</span></b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>-consuming</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>vessels</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>are</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>rewarded</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB">will</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">lead</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">co-operation</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">trust.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0.35cm"><span lang="en-GB">Small-</span><span lang="en-GB">scale</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">fishermen</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">are</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">farmers</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">ocean.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">ECA</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">States</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">should</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">implement</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">laws</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">regulations</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">that</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">guarantee</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">rights</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">obligations</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">including</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">moral</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">duty</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">cooperate</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">with</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">scientists</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">find</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>path</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>to</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>a</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>sustainable</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>harvest</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>the</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>marine</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>environment</b></span><span lang="en-GB">.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0.35cm"><span lang="en-GB">Th</span><span lang="en-GB">e</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">current</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">path</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">a</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">blind</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">alley.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Small-scale</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">fisheries</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">are</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">not</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">a</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">problem,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">but</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">a</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">big</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">part</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">solution</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">for</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">a</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">sustainable</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">future.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span> </p>
<h2 class="align-left" style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB"><b>S</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>olidarity</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>economy</b></span></h2>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Social</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Solidarity</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Economy</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>allows</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>organised</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>civil</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>society</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>to</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>develop</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>implement</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>sustainable</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>social</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>economic</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>innovation</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>in</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>cultural</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>locally</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>participatory</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>adapted</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>ways</b></span><span lang="en-GB">.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Local</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">economies</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">thrive,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">wealth</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">redistributed</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">within</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">community.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">An</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">increasing,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">significant</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">number</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">people</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">at</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">global</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">level</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">are</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">jointly</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">working</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>sustainable</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>local</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>economy</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>networks</b></span><span lang="en-GB">.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">These</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">networks</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">are</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">a</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">non-State</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">public</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">space</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">that</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">is</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">connected</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">at</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">regional,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">national</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">international</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">level.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB">These</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">CSO</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">actors</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">are</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">a</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">resource</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">that</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">should</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">be</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>empowered</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>to</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>promote</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>local</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>sustainable</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>food</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>nets</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB">based</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">on</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">organic,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">agro-ecologicial</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">production</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">aimed</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">at</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>building</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>a</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>more</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>resilient</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>society.</b></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB">S</span><span lang="en-GB">ocial</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">solidarity</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">economy</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">can</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">strengthen</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">all</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">actors</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">local</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">food</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">webs</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">through</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">a</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>systemic</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>participatory</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>approach</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>to</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>local</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>economies</b></span><span lang="en-GB">,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">based</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">on</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Food</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Sovereignty,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">including</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Community</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Land</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Trusts,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Community</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Supported</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Agriculture,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">alternative</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">short</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">food</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">distribution</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">systems,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">ethical</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">finance,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">local</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">currencies,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">housing,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">other</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">essential</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">services</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">for</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">all</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">actors.</span></p>
<p lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm">ECA countries should look to Latin American countries such as Ecuador, Bolivia or Brazil for inspiration in their constitutional promotion of Food Sovereignty, Solidarity Economy and sustainable local food webs.</p>
<h2 class="western align-left" lang="en-GB"><span lang="en-GB"><b>R</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>egional</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span>and Local <span lang="en-GB"><b>Authorities</b></span></h2>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB">Regional</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Local</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">Authorities</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">do</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">not</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">determine</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">national</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">agricultural</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">policies,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">but</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">are</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>key</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>decision-makers</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>in</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>spatial</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>planning</b></span><span lang="en-GB">.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">They</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">should</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>guarantee</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>privileged</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>access</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>for</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>small-scale</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>producers</b></span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">land,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">local</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">markets</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">public</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">procurement</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">food</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">for</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">canteens,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">all</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">local</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">food-</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">socially-related</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">policies.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB">T</span><span lang="en-GB">hey</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">should</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">be</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">considered</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">identified</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">as</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>key</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>actors</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>In</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>the</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>process</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>building</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>successful</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>global</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>governance</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>agri-food</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>systems</b></span><span lang="en-GB">.</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">They</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">link</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">the</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">general</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">framework</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">agri-food</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">policies</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">territorial</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">implementation.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB">In</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">global</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">governance,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Regional</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Governments</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Local</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Authorities</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>should</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>support</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Local</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Food</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>Councils</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> </b></span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">promote,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">manage</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">evaluate:</span></p>
<ul><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB">Spatial</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">planning</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">with</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB"><b>sufficient</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>agricultural</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>land</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>for</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>small-scale</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>producers</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>civil</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>society</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>to</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>produce,</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>distribute</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>and</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>sell</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB">fresh,</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">local,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">organic</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">food</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">in</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">urban</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">peri-urban</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">areas,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">including</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">allotments</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">community</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">gardens,</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">avoiding</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">use</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">of</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">agricultural</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">land</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">for</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">energy</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">production</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">(biomass,</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">solar</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">energy</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">fields);</span></p> 	</li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Appropriate</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>planning</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>housing</b></span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">that</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">includes</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">adequate</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">storage</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">cooking</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">facilities;</span></p> 	</li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB"><b><span style="background: transparent">L</span></b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b><span style="background: transparent">ocal</span></b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b><span style="background: transparent"> 	</span></b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b><span style="background: transparent">and</span></b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b><span style="background: transparent"> 	</span></b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b><span style="background: transparent">territorial</span></b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b><span style="background: transparent"> 	</span></b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b><span style="background: transparent">economy</span></b></span><span lang="en-GB"><span style="background: transparent"> 	</span></span><span lang="en-GB"><span style="background: transparent">that</span></span><span lang="en-GB"><span style="background: transparent"> 	</span></span><span lang="en-GB"><span style="background: transparent">facilitates</span></span><span lang="en-GB"><span style="background: transparent"> 	</span></span><span lang="en-GB"><span style="background: transparent">local</span></span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">small-scale</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">producers</span><span lang="en-GB">’ 	</span><span lang="en-GB"><span style="background: transparent">networks;</span></span></p> 	</li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Privileged</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>access</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>for</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>small-scale</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>producers</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>to</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>local</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>procurement</b></span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">for</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">public</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">canteens</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">(schools,</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">hospitals,</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">etc.);</span></p> 	</li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Public</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>water</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>management</b></span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">that</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">guarantees</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">access</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">water</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">for</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">households</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">small-scale</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">producers;</span></p> 	</li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB">The</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB"><b>respect</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>of</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>workers</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>rights</b></span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">equality-based</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">jobs;</span></p> 	</li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Participatory</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>budgeting</b></span><span lang="en-GB">;</span></p> 	</li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><span lang="en-GB"><b>Local</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b> 	</b></span><span lang="en-GB"><b>currencies</b></span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">decommodify</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">food</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">and</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">to</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">develop</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">local</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">economies</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">decoupled</span><span lang="en-GB"> </span><span lang="en-GB">from</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">international</span><span lang="en-GB"> 	</span><span lang="en-GB">trade.</span></p> </li></ul>
<p lang="en-GB" style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><br /> </p>]]></content:encoded>
			
			
			<pubDate>Wed, 18 Apr 2012 09:46:00 +0200</pubDate>
			
		</item>
		
		<item>
			<title>Offre de stage Economie sociale et solidaire - Ministère des solidarités et de la cohésion sociale</title>
			<link>http://www.ripesseu.net/en/infos/news/news-details/article/offre-de-stage-economie-sociale-et-solidaire-ministere-des-solidarites-et-de-la-cohesion-sociale.html</link>
			<description>Offre de stage économie sociale et solidaire - Ministère des solidarités et de la cohésion...</description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[Offre de stage économie sociale et solidaire - Ministère des solidarités et de la cohésion sociale.
<br /><link fileadmin/ripessEU.net/files/files/2012_04_Fiche_accueil_stagiaire_ESS3.pdf - download>En savoir plus</link>]]></content:encoded>
			
			
			<pubDate>Fri, 06 Apr 2012 10:55:00 +0200</pubDate>
			
		</item>
		
		<item>
			<title>Livre: Principes d'économie solidaire</title>
			<link>http://www.ripesseu.net/en/infos/news/news-details/article/livre-principes-deconomie-solidaire-1.html</link>
			<description>Auteur : Dacheux Éric, Goujon Daniel
Collection :  Hors collection
264 pages
</description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="margin-bottom: 0pt; ">Lire un extrait <link ../fileadmin/ripessEU.net/files/files/News/livre_extrait.pdf _blank download>du livre</link> </p>
Les auteurs parlent dans cette <link http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xphojf_principe-de-l-economie-sociale-et-so - external-link-new-window>vidéo</link>
Comment sortir de la crise ? En comprenant ce qu’elle est : une panne  de  nos démocraties incapables de réguler l’économie. Comment réparer  cette  panne ?<br /> 	Personne ne le sait, mais l’économie solidaire offre des pistes de réflexion qu’il convient d’étudier avec sérieux.<br /> 	L’économie solidaire possède quatre spécificités riches de promesses:<br /> 	– un militantisme politique qui combat la globalisation économique en oeuvrant pour une mondialisation de la solidarité ;<br /> 	– un ensemble de pratiques économiques qui dynamisent un territoire tout en s’affranchissant<br /> 	des mécanismes de l’offre et de la demande ou de la spéculation monétaire ;<br />  	– un projet global de société qui redonne l’espoir d’une société plus   juste en proposant d’élargir (à la sphère économique) et d’approfondir   (plus de participation) la démocratie ;<br /> 	– un nouveau modèle  théorique qui repose sur l’idée que, dans une  société de connaissance  qui émerge, le meilleur facteur d’allocation des  ressources n’est pas  le marché mais la délibération.<br /> 	Définitions, schémas, gros plans…,  autant d’outils que les auteurs ont  mis en place pour comprendre  concepts, théories et mécanismes de  l’économie solidaire.
<p style="margin-bottom: 0pt; "><span style="color: navy; font-size: 12pt; "><link http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xphojf_principe-de-l-economie-sociale-et-solidaire_school - - blocked::http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xphojf_principe-de-l-economie-sociale-et-solidaire_school></link></span>  </p>]]></content:encoded>
			
			
			<pubDate>Fri, 06 Apr 2012 10:18:00 +0200</pubDate>
			
		</item>
		
		<item>
			<title>Le séminaire international sur l'Economie Sociale et Solidaire avec perspective de genre</title>
			<link>http://www.ripesseu.net/en/infos/news/news-details/article/le-seminaire-international-sur-leconomie-sociale-et-solidaire-avec-perspective-de-genre.html</link>
			<description>Paris, 1er avril 2012 — Dans le cadre du projet en réseau Sud-Sud-Nord « Femmes du monde : un...</description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">Paris, 1<sup>er</sup> avril 2012 — Dans le cadre du projet en réseau Sud-Sud-Nord<a href="en/rss.xml#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span></a> «&nbsp;Femmes du monde&nbsp;: un réseau de protagonistes solidaires&nbsp;», dont l’objectif principal est l’amélioration de la qualité de vie des&nbsp;femmes de quartiers populaires, le réseau Quartiers du Monde réalisera en Bolivie, du 20 au 26 mai 2012, un séminaire international d’Économie Sociale et Solidaire (ÉSS) avec perspective de genre.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;Le séminaire fait suite à une Étude préalable et participative<a href="en/rss.xml#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span></a>sur l’ÉSS et la posture de genre des hommes de l’entourage. Durant cette étude, sept groupes de femmes de trois territoires du réseau (Bamako, El Alto et Paris 20<sup>e</sup>), accompagnés de leurs facilitatrices et trois consultant.e.s, ont étudié les potentialités et les conditions pour transformer leurs activités économiques en des activités s’inscrivant dans le secteur de l’ÉSS.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Le séminaire a pour objectifs de partager les travaux et les recommandations de l’étude préalable et participative, de connaître l’expérience d’autres groupes de femmes qui sont d’ores et déjà dans une dynamique d’ÉSS, et d’apprendre à intégrer la perspective de genre dans ce champ de l’économie. En plus de réunir une facilitatrice et une femme de chaque groupe participant au réseau, deux références<a href="en/rss.xml#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span></a> reconnues dans leurs secteurs - Ethel Côté pour l’ÉSS et Elena Apilanez pour la perspective de genre&nbsp;; ainsi que l’équipe de coordination internationale du réseau. </p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="FR-CA">Ce séminaire est, pour le réseau international «&nbsp;Femmes du monde&nbsp;», un moment important, car il sera un espace d’échanges interculturels et d’expériences, d’apprentissages et de discussion ainsi que de construction participative d’un nouveau projet&nbsp;/&nbsp;processus en réseau d’Économie Sociale et Solidaire et de perspective de genre.</span></p>
Quartiers du Monde est une association française de solidarité internationale qui travaille dans l’empowerment, la citoyenneté et l’égalité de genre des jeunes, garçons et filles, et des femmes habitant.e.s des quartiers populaires de pays du Sud (Afrique et Amérique Latine) et du Nord (Europe).&nbsp; Quartiers du monde met en œuvre des processus participatifs en utilisant des méthodologies participatives et formatrices issues de l’éducation populaire.
<link fileadmin/ripessEU.net/files/files/communique.doc - download>En savoir plus</link>]]></content:encoded>
			
			
			<pubDate>Thu, 05 Apr 2012 12:07:00 +0200</pubDate>
			
		</item>
		
		<item>
			<title>A proposal of training RIO+20</title>
			<link>http://www.ripesseu.net/en/infos/news/news-details/article/proposition-de-formation-a-rio-20.html</link>
			<description>Dear friends,
Two of our members, Gilles Maréchal (France) and Rosemary Gomes (Brazil), put...</description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[Dear friends,
Two of our members, Gilles Maréchal (France) and Rosemary Gomes (Brazil), put forward a proposal of training to be led during the conference of the United Nations on the sustainable development, in Rio on June. It is about local food systems in the world, with a comparative optics between countries of the North and of the South.
A procedure of vote is launched to support the projects of training. Besides the interest which you can have on the subject, we indicate you that it is the only one with a description in French and one of the few which will not be done in English (but in Spanish). Three good reasons for voting for it at<link http://www.uncsd2012.org/rio20/index.php?page=view&type=700&nr=11&menu=23 - external-link-new-window>  this link</link>.
Thanks in advance for your support and for the circulation of this message<br />as widespread as possible.&nbsp;]]></content:encoded>
			
			
			<pubDate>Fri, 30 Mar 2012 16:18:00 +0200</pubDate>
			
		</item>
		
		<item>
			<title>The job offer for the position </title>
			<link>http://www.ripesseu.net/en/infos/news/news-details/article/offre-demploi.html</link>
			<description>Chamber of the social and solidarity economy APRÈS-GE</description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<span id="result_box" lang="en">The </span>Chamber of the social and solidarity economy APRÈS-GE<span id="result_box" lang="en"></span>, invites applications for the position of Secretary General,   of 80%, whose primary mission is to develop and ensure the proper functioning of the Chamber of the social and solidarity economy APRÈS-GE<span id="result_box" lang="en"></span>.<br /> You will find below the announcement and the short link to the full announcement.<br /><br /> More information <link http://testpublic.intranetgestion.com/node/37479 - external-link-new-window>HERE</link><b><link http://testpublic.intranetgestion.com/node/37479 - external-link-new-window></link><br /><br />&nbsp;</b>]]></content:encoded>
			
			
			<pubDate>Wed, 28 Mar 2012 14:24:00 +0200</pubDate>
			<enclosure url="http://www.ripesseu.net/uploads/media/arton1674_01.jpg" length ="145035" type="image/jpeg" />
		</item>
		
		<item>
			<title>The job offer for the position of RIPESS Operations Manager</title>
			<link>http://www.ripesseu.net/en/infos/news/news-details/article/offre-demploi-1.html</link>
			<description>The job offer for the position of RIPESS Operations Manager. Feel free to circulate it to any...</description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[The job offer for the position of RIPESS Operations Manager. Feel free to circulate it to any potentially interested candidates you feel may be suitable. <br /><br />Note that the deadline to apply is April 15th, three weeks from now.
<link fileadmin/ripessEU.net/files/images/News/RIPESS__vf_veng_vesp.pdf - download><b>MORE</b></link>]]></content:encoded>
			
			
			<pubDate>Wed, 28 Mar 2012 14:34:00 +0200</pubDate>
			<enclosure url="http://www.ripesseu.net/uploads/media/logo_RIPESS.gif" length ="11093" type="image/gif" />
		</item>
		
		<item>
			<title>Workers are talking to you! </title>
			<link>http://www.ripesseu.net/en/infos/news/news-details/article/les-travailleurs-vous-parlent-campagne-ensie.html</link>
			<description>ENSIE - Workers campaign </description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[In the framework of its Progress project partnership with the European Commission, ENSIE implemented a campaign in order to promote the demands of the workers of the work integration social enterprises (WISEs).<br /><br />The objective is thus to voice the concerns of the WISEs’ workers on one hand at the national level and on the other at the European one.<br /><br />The different members of ENSIE has gathered the testimonies/messages from the workers of their members enterprises to present to the political authorities.<br /><br />These different messages are promoted on ENSIE website and on its members one.<br /><br /><link http://ensie.x004.xtrasite.be/Ensie/Ongoingprojects/Campagnedestravailleurs/tabid/2396/language/en/Default.aspx - external-link-new-window><b>MORE </b></link><br /><br />&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;]]></content:encoded>
			
			
			<pubDate>Wed, 28 Mar 2012 14:15:00 +0200</pubDate>
			<enclosure url="http://www.ripesseu.net/uploads/media/arton1674_02.jpg" length ="145035" type="image/jpeg" />
		</item>
		
	</channel>
</rss>
